Sunday, 17 April 2011
We have moved
We have now moved to be part of the UKOffshoreWind family at http://www.ukoffshorewind.com. We look forward to seeing you there!
Saturday, 9 May 2009
Scotland the brave
Hallelujah!
Apologies for the ramshackle combination of two iconic anthems ('Hallelujah' by Jeff Buckley and the one of the main contenders for the Scottish national anthem - 'Scotland the brave'), but they both seemed very apt today.
Where others have feared to tread, Scotland has stormed in and swept aside bureaucracy to move forward the grid connection for all wind energy projects which are currently awaiting national grid connection. God bless Ecosse and all who live there.
Although the article from Scotlands 'Herald' maybe errs too much on the dramatically positive side...
One scheme not due to be connected until 2018 is being brought forward to this year.
... making it sound as though the actual development project will move forward to this year, as opposed to the opening of the network connection, it is indeed very good news.
How refreshing it is for a parliament to put a halt to endless debating and nonsensical, decade-long planning and do something immediate and pragmatic for once. More action like that and we will see some exciting times ahead in the drive for offshore wind generation.
Apologies for the ramshackle combination of two iconic anthems ('Hallelujah' by Jeff Buckley and the one of the main contenders for the Scottish national anthem - 'Scotland the brave'), but they both seemed very apt today.
Where others have feared to tread, Scotland has stormed in and swept aside bureaucracy to move forward the grid connection for all wind energy projects which are currently awaiting national grid connection. God bless Ecosse and all who live there.
Although the article from Scotlands 'Herald' maybe errs too much on the dramatically positive side...
One scheme not due to be connected until 2018 is being brought forward to this year.
... making it sound as though the actual development project will move forward to this year, as opposed to the opening of the network connection, it is indeed very good news.
How refreshing it is for a parliament to put a halt to endless debating and nonsensical, decade-long planning and do something immediate and pragmatic for once. More action like that and we will see some exciting times ahead in the drive for offshore wind generation.
Friday, 1 May 2009
Vestas slams UK bureaucratic delays
No sooner had the ink dried on my last post than this lands on my desk...
Vestas blames UK planning bottlenecks for loss of 600 wind industry jobs
... which made my previous article appear (at least in some part), rather fortuitous...
In a recent meeting between industry leaders however, it wasn't the cash that was being seen as the ultimate support, but changes to the bureaucratic framework that has hindered so many offshore wind projects. Developers expressed concerns over the cumbersome planning permissions process, grid connection delays and shortage of skills and services, which were seen as the greatest hurdles to maturing developments.
Ok, I'm happy to concede that it is a happy coincidence that this issue should rear its head so soon, but it illustrates the point.
Wind projects are being delayed. Delayed wind projects = wasted money.
The chancellor can increase the ROC bandings and dole out money to the industry till his hearts content, but unless this is accompanied by changes to the bureaucratic drudgery that is currently plaguing the industry then he may as well not bother. For projects to be development rapidly the industry needs;
Vestas blames UK planning bottlenecks for loss of 600 wind industry jobs
... which made my previous article appear (at least in some part), rather fortuitous...
In a recent meeting between industry leaders however, it wasn't the cash that was being seen as the ultimate support, but changes to the bureaucratic framework that has hindered so many offshore wind projects. Developers expressed concerns over the cumbersome planning permissions process, grid connection delays and shortage of skills and services, which were seen as the greatest hurdles to maturing developments.
Ok, I'm happy to concede that it is a happy coincidence that this issue should rear its head so soon, but it illustrates the point.
Wind projects are being delayed. Delayed wind projects = wasted money.
The chancellor can increase the ROC bandings and dole out money to the industry till his hearts content, but unless this is accompanied by changes to the bureaucratic drudgery that is currently plaguing the industry then he may as well not bother. For projects to be development rapidly the industry needs;
- Planning permission to be streamlined.
- A skilled workforce to be created.
- Grid connections to be made available more rapidly.
Friday, 24 April 2009
UK projects to prosper under industry aid
After experiencing an onslaught of blistering attacks during the height of the global economic melt-down, the sight of a long line of smiling faces may have heartened an otherwise dejected UK chancellor.
With not even the faintest hope that his new-found friends were savers, grateful for the rescue of their ailing banks, in the run-up to the countries budget announcements it appeared that the assembled masses were lobbyists, working for some of the most powerful industries in the land.
Whilst political lobbying has, for decades, been part of the pre-budget bartering process, the intensity of the negotiations were unprecedented due to the decimated state of the UK economy.
So whilst the green lobby jostled with the oil and gas lobby who fought off the road haulage lobby which was trying to side-step the car lobby, the chancellor had the responsibility of sorting the grain from the chaff, leaving offshore wind with...£525m. "Hoorah!" cried everyone (except the nuclear lobby), finally the industry has all the cash it was looking for!!
Err, cash? Hm, no. What the chancellor actually promised was to temporarily raise the Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROC) banding level for offshore wind, a move was designed to bolster the projected economics of offshore wind farms currently under development.
There is no doubt that the decision had been influenced by the on-running saga of the London Array Project, a high profile development in the Thames estuary, which has been plagued with delays and mired in doubts over its economic viability for months.
At times it proved difficult to seperate the developers genuine concerns over the projects commercial viability and their political posturing for further concessions (= increased profit margins).
What is certain is that had the Government not intervened with industry support, this national icon in the battle against climate change would not have been operational by 2012, when the eyes of the world would be fixed on East London for the 2012 Olympic Games.
Centrica had added to the political pressure with a demand for changes to the ROC banding scheme and eventually the treasury relented, awarding offshore wind operators 2 ROCS for every megawatt of electricty produced. The change will be temporary (only available between 2011 and 2014), but it seemed to appease wind developers and secure the London Array Project for good...
The firms behind the world’s largest wind farm, the project, are poised to approve the long-delayed project after Alistair Darling announced an aid package for the industry. A final investment decision on the £3 billion project will be made soon and construction is expected to begin later this year. If all goes to plan, the first phase will be completed in time to provide power to London for the Olympic Games in 2012. - The Times, 27th April 2009.
No sooner had the industry digested the implications of the ROC re-rating, than the British Wind Energy Association announced that five UK offshore wind projects had been saved by the budget. These were:
- London Array, Thames Estuary – being developed by E. On, Dong and Masdar;
- Gwynt y Môr, north Wales – RWE npower renewables;
- Walney II, Cumbria – Dong Energy;
- West of Duddon Sands, Scotland – ScottishPower, Dong and Eurus Energy; and
- Lincs, Lincolnshire – Centrica Energy.
Cynics could have argued that these projects may have been sat upon until the Government had made up its mind on the right level of industry support required, but BWEA spokesman Charles Anglin was in no doubt that the new fiscal reforms had made a difference...
"If these firms had not been able to come to financial close on their projects, not only would they have been delayed, some of them would have been cancelled."
Anders Eldrup, CEO of Dong Energy, said: "It is encouraging that the investment regime has now been created to allow us to implement our strategy of considerably expanding Dong Energy's position within sustainable energy. With the two ROCs, we can now begin the construction of Walney I and II."
So for the moment, Alistair Darlings olive branch appears to have appeased the industry, the public, the media and his colleagues. Whether it will be enough in the longer term is still to be seen. Half a billion pounds of support does'nt seem to be all that much when you consider that it will cost nearly twice that amount to get each of the aforementioned wind farms operational, but other aid is being made available. Earlier this month, the European parliament approved €565 million in aid for offshore wind projects under the EU Economic Recovery Plan and the UK will undoubtedly benefit from these funds.
In a recent meeting between industry leaders however, it wasn't the cash that was being seen as the ultimate support, but changes to the bureaucratic framework that has hindered so many offshore wind projects. Developers expressed concerns over the cumbersome planning permissions process, grid connection delays and shortage of skills and services, which were seen as the greatest hurdles to maturing developments.
Increasing the rewards for operational offshore wind farms is one thing, providing support for early-stage projects is a whole new ball-game altogether. As to the question of whether the Government can step up to the mark and meet these industries needs as well? Well the signs are good, but for the moment its still a case of lets wait and see.
With not even the faintest hope that his new-found friends were savers, grateful for the rescue of their ailing banks, in the run-up to the countries budget announcements it appeared that the assembled masses were lobbyists, working for some of the most powerful industries in the land.
Whilst political lobbying has, for decades, been part of the pre-budget bartering process, the intensity of the negotiations were unprecedented due to the decimated state of the UK economy.
So whilst the green lobby jostled with the oil and gas lobby who fought off the road haulage lobby which was trying to side-step the car lobby, the chancellor had the responsibility of sorting the grain from the chaff, leaving offshore wind with...£525m. "Hoorah!" cried everyone (except the nuclear lobby), finally the industry has all the cash it was looking for!!
Err, cash? Hm, no. What the chancellor actually promised was to temporarily raise the Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROC) banding level for offshore wind, a move was designed to bolster the projected economics of offshore wind farms currently under development.
There is no doubt that the decision had been influenced by the on-running saga of the London Array Project, a high profile development in the Thames estuary, which has been plagued with delays and mired in doubts over its economic viability for months.
At times it proved difficult to seperate the developers genuine concerns over the projects commercial viability and their political posturing for further concessions (= increased profit margins).
What is certain is that had the Government not intervened with industry support, this national icon in the battle against climate change would not have been operational by 2012, when the eyes of the world would be fixed on East London for the 2012 Olympic Games.
Centrica had added to the political pressure with a demand for changes to the ROC banding scheme and eventually the treasury relented, awarding offshore wind operators 2 ROCS for every megawatt of electricty produced. The change will be temporary (only available between 2011 and 2014), but it seemed to appease wind developers and secure the London Array Project for good...
The firms behind the world’s largest wind farm, the project, are poised to approve the long-delayed project after Alistair Darling announced an aid package for the industry. A final investment decision on the £3 billion project will be made soon and construction is expected to begin later this year. If all goes to plan, the first phase will be completed in time to provide power to London for the Olympic Games in 2012. - The Times, 27th April 2009.
No sooner had the industry digested the implications of the ROC re-rating, than the British Wind Energy Association announced that five UK offshore wind projects had been saved by the budget. These were:
- London Array, Thames Estuary – being developed by E. On, Dong and Masdar;
- Gwynt y Môr, north Wales – RWE npower renewables;
- Walney II, Cumbria – Dong Energy;
- West of Duddon Sands, Scotland – ScottishPower, Dong and Eurus Energy; and
- Lincs, Lincolnshire – Centrica Energy.
Cynics could have argued that these projects may have been sat upon until the Government had made up its mind on the right level of industry support required, but BWEA spokesman Charles Anglin was in no doubt that the new fiscal reforms had made a difference...
"If these firms had not been able to come to financial close on their projects, not only would they have been delayed, some of them would have been cancelled."
Anders Eldrup, CEO of Dong Energy, said: "It is encouraging that the investment regime has now been created to allow us to implement our strategy of considerably expanding Dong Energy's position within sustainable energy. With the two ROCs, we can now begin the construction of Walney I and II."
So for the moment, Alistair Darlings olive branch appears to have appeased the industry, the public, the media and his colleagues. Whether it will be enough in the longer term is still to be seen. Half a billion pounds of support does'nt seem to be all that much when you consider that it will cost nearly twice that amount to get each of the aforementioned wind farms operational, but other aid is being made available. Earlier this month, the European parliament approved €565 million in aid for offshore wind projects under the EU Economic Recovery Plan and the UK will undoubtedly benefit from these funds.
In a recent meeting between industry leaders however, it wasn't the cash that was being seen as the ultimate support, but changes to the bureaucratic framework that has hindered so many offshore wind projects. Developers expressed concerns over the cumbersome planning permissions process, grid connection delays and shortage of skills and services, which were seen as the greatest hurdles to maturing developments.
Increasing the rewards for operational offshore wind farms is one thing, providing support for early-stage projects is a whole new ball-game altogether. As to the question of whether the Government can step up to the mark and meet these industries needs as well? Well the signs are good, but for the moment its still a case of lets wait and see.
Tuesday, 14 April 2009
European offshore wind roundup - April 16th
UK
Scottish & Southern, Fluor team up in wind farm bid
Scottish & Southern Energy (SSE) (SSE.L) have teamed up with U.S. civil engineering group Fluor to develop new UK offshore wind farms, the British company said on Wednesday.
SSE said its renewable energy development unit Airtricity had joined the UK operating arm of Fluor Corporation (FLR.N), Fluor Ltd, to form a consortium called Seagreen Wind Energy.
The consortium is bidding for rights to build farms under the Crown Estate's round three offshore wind farm development programme.
The 'Seagreen' consortium is in addition to the 'Forewind' joint venture announced in February between Airtricity, RWE nPower renewables and two of Norway's largest companies, Statkraft and StatoilHydro. These collaborations are further evidence of aggressive expansion into offshore wind, after the company recently announced consent to develop a second offshore wind farm in the Dutch sector of the North Sea.
Comment: Whilst the likes of BP, Shell and Centrica feed the national press with column inches to appease the renewables doomsayers, the real goliaths of the offshore wind industry are seizing the initiative whilst they can. The oil and gas super-majors may feel that prudence is the name of the game at the moment or that the profit margins on wind cannot compete (or indeed threaten) with their traditional offerings. However, with the offshore wind revolution developing at a lightening pace, this is one market where where the option of buying in late will incur a very heavy premium.
Wind of change set for Lowestoft
A WIND of change is all set to blow through the port of Lowestoft in the UK, when the port will becomes the operations centre for the Greater Gabbard Offshore Windfarm.
Once completed, Greater Gabbard will be the world's largest offshore wind farm. Its 140 Siemans turbines will give it a 500 MW power rating and will deliver electricity to the South-East of England from 15 miles out at sea.
Greater Gabbard has had a number of stakeholders over recent years, but is now owned by Airtricity (subsidiary of SSE) and npower renewables (subsidiary of RWE).
Lowestoft is one of the key areas set to benefit by the explosion of interest in offshore wind, with Hull and the North-East of Scotland predicted to be other beneficial areas.
Germany
Offshore work on alpha ventus to restart soon
Work on the Alpha Ventus project off Borkum Island, Germany is set to resume this month after weather delayed the 60MW project late last year. The project, a collaboration between Germany's E.ON and EWE and Swedens Vatenfall will continue throughout the rest of the year and should be operational by the end of 2009.
Beluga and Hochtief in joint venture to develop offshore wind
Heavy-lift carrier Beluga Shipping GmbH and German construction giant Hochtief are teaming up in a joint venture to install offshore wind turbines. A Beluga spokesperson told European news sources that the carrier would be signing an agreement to pay approximately $1 billion on four specialized jack-up vessels, probably to be built at German shipyards, which will be used in the venture.
Comment: As in the rest of Europe, Germany is moving its focus from onshore to offshore wind. One of the major problems hampering this transition is the lack of support services (and vessels) available to install and maintain the hundreds of turbines planned for erection over the next decade. This deal is one small step to alleviating this problem and will act as a catalyst for further deals in the near future.
The more service support there is for offshore wind, the more competitive the market will become. This will lead to lower capital expenditure for project developers and will inevitably bolster the business case for offshore wind. Which can only be good news for all involved.
Scottish & Southern, Fluor team up in wind farm bid
Scottish & Southern Energy (SSE) (SSE.L) have teamed up with U.S. civil engineering group Fluor to develop new UK offshore wind farms, the British company said on Wednesday.
SSE said its renewable energy development unit Airtricity had joined the UK operating arm of Fluor Corporation (FLR.N), Fluor Ltd, to form a consortium called Seagreen Wind Energy.
The consortium is bidding for rights to build farms under the Crown Estate's round three offshore wind farm development programme.
The 'Seagreen' consortium is in addition to the 'Forewind' joint venture announced in February between Airtricity, RWE nPower renewables and two of Norway's largest companies, Statkraft and StatoilHydro. These collaborations are further evidence of aggressive expansion into offshore wind, after the company recently announced consent to develop a second offshore wind farm in the Dutch sector of the North Sea.
Comment: Whilst the likes of BP, Shell and Centrica feed the national press with column inches to appease the renewables doomsayers, the real goliaths of the offshore wind industry are seizing the initiative whilst they can. The oil and gas super-majors may feel that prudence is the name of the game at the moment or that the profit margins on wind cannot compete (or indeed threaten) with their traditional offerings. However, with the offshore wind revolution developing at a lightening pace, this is one market where where the option of buying in late will incur a very heavy premium.
Wind of change set for Lowestoft
A WIND of change is all set to blow through the port of Lowestoft in the UK, when the port will becomes the operations centre for the Greater Gabbard Offshore Windfarm.
Once completed, Greater Gabbard will be the world's largest offshore wind farm. Its 140 Siemans turbines will give it a 500 MW power rating and will deliver electricity to the South-East of England from 15 miles out at sea.
Greater Gabbard has had a number of stakeholders over recent years, but is now owned by Airtricity (subsidiary of SSE) and npower renewables (subsidiary of RWE).
Lowestoft is one of the key areas set to benefit by the explosion of interest in offshore wind, with Hull and the North-East of Scotland predicted to be other beneficial areas.
Germany
Offshore work on alpha ventus to restart soon
Work on the Alpha Ventus project off Borkum Island, Germany is set to resume this month after weather delayed the 60MW project late last year. The project, a collaboration between Germany's E.ON and EWE and Swedens Vatenfall will continue throughout the rest of the year and should be operational by the end of 2009.
Beluga and Hochtief in joint venture to develop offshore wind
Heavy-lift carrier Beluga Shipping GmbH and German construction giant Hochtief are teaming up in a joint venture to install offshore wind turbines. A Beluga spokesperson told European news sources that the carrier would be signing an agreement to pay approximately $1 billion on four specialized jack-up vessels, probably to be built at German shipyards, which will be used in the venture.
Comment: As in the rest of Europe, Germany is moving its focus from onshore to offshore wind. One of the major problems hampering this transition is the lack of support services (and vessels) available to install and maintain the hundreds of turbines planned for erection over the next decade. This deal is one small step to alleviating this problem and will act as a catalyst for further deals in the near future.
The more service support there is for offshore wind, the more competitive the market will become. This will lead to lower capital expenditure for project developers and will inevitably bolster the business case for offshore wind. Which can only be good news for all involved.
Wednesday, 18 March 2009
UK Majors Warn on Offshore Wind
With the first signs of Spring just around the corner and some upbeat news from the Crown Estate, one could have been lulled into a false sense of security over the success of offshore wind. A sure-fire energy winner and one which the Government cannot afford to fail? Not according to Centrica and Shell.
Whilst the CE yesterday announced huge interest in its third offshore wind farm licensing round, the two energy giants pre-empted the marine development rights holder by launching high-profile warning shots across the bow of her majestys government.
"Offshore wind is at risk in the current environment," Centricas Chief Executive, Sam Laidlaw said at the Future of Utilities conference in London.
At around GBP3 million a megawatt offshore developments are roughly double that of onshore wind and the recent banking crisis has made project finance difficult to come by and more expensive. The issue has been compounded by the Crown Estates placing of the 3rd round preferred development zones in deepwater areas, increasing potential project costs by 25%. Laidlaws argument is that the return is currently so marginal that utility companies are better off investing in other forms of energy, an argument backed up by his companies stake-building in UK gas producer Venture Production, earlier today.
Laidlaw argued that if the UK are going to meet the countries targets of generating 20 percent of the nation's energy from renewable sources by 2020, the government need to review the number of Renewable Obligations Certificates (ROCS) awarded for each megawatt (MW) of clean energy produced. Offshore wind developers currently receive 1.5 ROCs per MW of wind energy, compared to the 1 ROC per MW for onshore wind.
"A ROC regime of two times banding would help the U.K. meet its renewables targets with offshore wind," Laidlaw said.
His sentiments were echoed by Jeroen van der Veer, the Chief Executive of UK behemoth Royal Dutch Shell at the companies annual strategy update. Asked about the role of renewables in the companies future energy mix, the CEO replied that the company wouldn't be spending much on new investments for wind and solar energy because of the poor investment returns, focussing instead on biofuels. Shell last year turned its back on the UK wind energy market when it pulled out of the London Array project, citing more favourable returns from projects in the US.
Whilst the Crown Estate later lightened the atmosphere when it announced the interest of 40 companies and consortia in bidding for the 3rd round of offshore licenses, even they expressed a word of caution.
[The offshore wind plan] “is also heavily dependent on implementing solutions to a number of issues including; grid, consenting processes, supply chain and economic support for the projects.”
So whilst offshore wind continues to enjoy its moments in the sun, there's always a reminder that the dark clouds of failure are never too far away.
Whilst the CE yesterday announced huge interest in its third offshore wind farm licensing round, the two energy giants pre-empted the marine development rights holder by launching high-profile warning shots across the bow of her majestys government.
"Offshore wind is at risk in the current environment," Centricas Chief Executive, Sam Laidlaw said at the Future of Utilities conference in London.
At around GBP3 million a megawatt offshore developments are roughly double that of onshore wind and the recent banking crisis has made project finance difficult to come by and more expensive. The issue has been compounded by the Crown Estates placing of the 3rd round preferred development zones in deepwater areas, increasing potential project costs by 25%. Laidlaws argument is that the return is currently so marginal that utility companies are better off investing in other forms of energy, an argument backed up by his companies stake-building in UK gas producer Venture Production, earlier today.
Laidlaw argued that if the UK are going to meet the countries targets of generating 20 percent of the nation's energy from renewable sources by 2020, the government need to review the number of Renewable Obligations Certificates (ROCS) awarded for each megawatt (MW) of clean energy produced. Offshore wind developers currently receive 1.5 ROCs per MW of wind energy, compared to the 1 ROC per MW for onshore wind.
"A ROC regime of two times banding would help the U.K. meet its renewables targets with offshore wind," Laidlaw said.
His sentiments were echoed by Jeroen van der Veer, the Chief Executive of UK behemoth Royal Dutch Shell at the companies annual strategy update. Asked about the role of renewables in the companies future energy mix, the CEO replied that the company wouldn't be spending much on new investments for wind and solar energy because of the poor investment returns, focussing instead on biofuels. Shell last year turned its back on the UK wind energy market when it pulled out of the London Array project, citing more favourable returns from projects in the US.
Whilst the Crown Estate later lightened the atmosphere when it announced the interest of 40 companies and consortia in bidding for the 3rd round of offshore licenses, even they expressed a word of caution.
[The offshore wind plan] “is also heavily dependent on implementing solutions to a number of issues including; grid, consenting processes, supply chain and economic support for the projects.”
So whilst offshore wind continues to enjoy its moments in the sun, there's always a reminder that the dark clouds of failure are never too far away.
Monday, 16 March 2009
Crown Estate Attracts Significant Round 3 Interest.
The UKs Crown Estate today announced that it had attracted significant interest from developers in its third offshore wind farm licensing round. Releasing information for the first time since the application submission deadline expired, the organisation said that it had "received multiple bids for each of the nine zones".
The Crown Estate, who are spear-heading the countries drive to develop 25GW of renewable generation by 2020, also revealed that it had:
“It is very encouraging there is so much interest in the latest round of offshore wind development. It is expected the UK will need to generate around 30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, with the majority coming from wind power. Such an expansion represents a massive long term investment opportunity which has the potential to generate tens of thousands of jobs in the offshore wind sector as well as helping in the fight against climate change."
Whilst the Government has succeeded in making the development process easier through its completion of the Strategic Environmental Assessment, the CEs Director of the Marine Estate, Rob Hastings admitted that further support may be needed for developers. With regards to the issues surrounding grid connections, consenting processes, supply chain and economic support Mr Hastings added that:
"The Crown Estate is committed to overcoming these key challenges, and we are working closely with Government and other stakeholders to look at the issues surrounding supply chain developments and the economic opportunities within. "
The Crown Estate now intends to assess all applications and draw up a shortlist of companies for each zone. Final selection and zone exclusivity awards will be made in late 2009.
The Crown Estate, who are spear-heading the countries drive to develop 25GW of renewable generation by 2020, also revealed that it had:
- Received a total of 40 zone bids from 18 different companies and consortia.
- Attracted international companies from at least nine different countries.
- Received expressed commitment to bids from potential alliance partners and supply chain participants.
“It is very encouraging there is so much interest in the latest round of offshore wind development. It is expected the UK will need to generate around 30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, with the majority coming from wind power. Such an expansion represents a massive long term investment opportunity which has the potential to generate tens of thousands of jobs in the offshore wind sector as well as helping in the fight against climate change."
Whilst the Government has succeeded in making the development process easier through its completion of the Strategic Environmental Assessment, the CEs Director of the Marine Estate, Rob Hastings admitted that further support may be needed for developers. With regards to the issues surrounding grid connections, consenting processes, supply chain and economic support Mr Hastings added that:
"The Crown Estate is committed to overcoming these key challenges, and we are working closely with Government and other stakeholders to look at the issues surrounding supply chain developments and the economic opportunities within. "
The Crown Estate now intends to assess all applications and draw up a shortlist of companies for each zone. Final selection and zone exclusivity awards will be made in late 2009.
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